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Diabetes II 101 For Noobs
What is Diabetes?
Type 2 diabetes, also known as diabetes mellitus type 2, is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high levels of sugar (glucose) in the blood 12. It is the most common form of diabetes. Unlike type 1 diabetes, which is an autoimmune condition where the body does not produce insulin, type 2 diabetes occurs when the body either does not produce enough insulin or becomes resistant to the effects of insulin.
Causes: The exact cause of type 2 diabetes is not known, but several factors can contribute to its development. These factors include:
- Genetics: Family history of type 2 diabetes can increase the risk of developing the condition.
- Obesity: Being overweight or obese is a significant risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Excess weight can lead to insulin resistance.
- Lifestyle factors: Sedentary lifestyle, poor diet (high in processed foods, sugar, and unhealthy fats), and lack of physical activity can increase the risk of type 2 diabetes.
- Age: The risk of developing type 2 diabetes increases with age, especially after the age of 45.
- Ethnicity: Certain ethnic groups, such as African Americans, Hispanic/Latino Americans, Native Americans, and Asian Americans, have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
Symptoms: Some common symptoms of type 2 diabetes include:
- Increased thirst and frequent urination: Excess sugar in the blood leads to increased thirst and urination.
- Fatigue: The body’s inability to effectively use glucose for energy can lead to fatigue and low energy levels.
- Unexplained weight loss: Despite increased appetite, weight loss may occur due to the body’s inability to utilize glucose properly.
- Blurry vision: High blood sugar levels can cause temporary changes in the shape of the lens of the eye, leading to blurry vision.
- Slow-healing wounds: High blood sugar levels can affect the body’s ability to heal wounds and fight infections.
It’s important to note that some people with type 2 diabetes may not experience noticeable symptoms initially, which is why regular check-ups and blood sugar monitoring are essential for early detection.
Treatment: Treatment for type 2 diabetes typically involves lifestyle modifications, medication, and monitoring blood sugar levels. The main goals of treatment are to maintain blood sugar levels within a target range, prevent or manage complications, and improve overall health. Treatment options may include:
- Healthy eating: Following a balanced diet that includes whole grains, fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and healthy fats can help control blood sugar levels.
- Regular physical activity: Engaging in regular physical activity, such as walking, swimming, or cycling, can help improve insulin sensitivity and manage weight.
- Medication: In some cases, medication may be prescribed to help control blood sugar levels. This may include oral medications or insulin injections.
- Blood sugar monitoring: Regular monitoring of blood sugar levels can help individuals with type 2 diabetes track their progress and make necessary adjustments to their treatment plan.
- Lifestyle changes: Quitting smoking, managing stress levels, and getting enough sleep are important in managing type 2 diabetes.
It is important for individuals with type 2 diabetes to work closely with healthcare professionals to develop a personalized treatment plan that suits their specific needs and goals. Regular check-ups and monitoring are essential to ensure proper management of the condition and prevent complications.
